Effectiveness and Reliability of Artificial Intelligence in Fraud Detection: A Mixed-Method Study on Financial Audit

Authors

  • Khasif Naseer Computer Science Department, University of South Asia, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
  • Hakeem Nazeer Ahmed Computer Science Department, University of South Asia, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51903/jmi.v4i1.168

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Fraud, Financial Audit, Mixed-Method, Anomaly Detection

Abstract

Financial statement fraud threatens investor trust at a substantial level in the present market conditions. AI technology, through data pattern analysis, helps financial auditing reach better results when detecting rumors along with anomalies and suspicious trends. This research evaluates artificial intelligence's effectiveness in yeast-free detection systems through several investigative methods. An evaluation of AI systems by professionals indicates their ability to detect financial statement fraud accurately. A quantitative analysis of historical data through AI enables fraud pattern detection according to this study method. The researchers who utilize the qualitative method meet with forensic accountants for their research work. The research delivers both forensic accountants and financial auditors definitive information about the challenges they face and their perspectives toward AI system implementation in audit procedures. The results show that AI is very successful when recognising fraud trends, particularly when using machine learning and deep learning approaches. However, the quality of the data and the settings of the algorithms still have an impact on how reliable AI is. Furthermore, despite ongoing worries about result interpretation and accountability of AI models, qualitative data suggests that auditors generally embrace AI as a tool that speeds up the audit process. According to the study's findings, artificial intelligence (AI) can effectively assist financial audits; however, to improve the validity of fraud detection, it should be used in addition to the analysis of qualified examiners. To increase the accuracy of fraud detection in the future, this study suggests creating more transparent AI models and integrating AI with blockchain technology.

References

Alenizi, A., Mishra, S., & Baihan, A. (2024). Enhancing secure financial transactions through the synergy of blockchain and artificial intelligence. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 15(6), 102733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2024.102733

Ali, A., Abd Razak, S., Othman, S. H., Eisa, T. A. E., Al-Dhaqm, A., Nasser, M., Elhassan, T., Elshafie, H., & Saif, A. (2022). Financial Fraud Detection Based on Machine Learning: A Systematic Literature Review. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 12(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199637

Anh, N. T. M., Hoa, L. T. K., Thao, L. P., Nhi, D. A., Long, N. T., Truc, N. T., & Ngoc Xuan, V. (2024). The Effect of Technology Readiness on Adopting Artificial Intelligence in Accounting and Auditing in Vietnam. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17010027

Arham, M. W. (2025). Transforming Auditing through AI and Blockchain : A Comprehensive Study on Adoption, Implementation, and Impact in Financial Audits. 15(2), 225–241. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2025.152011

Awosika, T., Shukla, R. M., & Pranggono, B. (2024). Transparency and Privacy: The Role of Explainable AI and Federated Learning in Financial Fraud Detection. IEEE Access, 12, 64551–64560. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3394528

Bieńkowska, J., & Sikorski, C. (2024). Integrating qualitative and quantitative methods: a balanced approach to management research. Eastern Journal of European Studies, 15(1), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2024-0115

Brown, S., Davidovic, J., & Hasan, A. (2021). The algorithm audit: Scoring the algorithms that score us. Big Data and Society, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951720983865

Daneshmand, M. (2024). Financial Fraud Detection : A Comparative Analysis of AI and ML Techniques. 4(2), 138–142. https://doi.org/10.56472/25832646/JETA-V4I2P123

Georgiou, I., Sapuric, S., Lois, P., & Thrassou, A. (2024). Blockchain for Accounting and Auditing—Accounting and Auditing for Cryptocurrencies: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Directions. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17070276

Hafez, I. Y., Hafez, A. Y., Saleh, A., Abd El-Mageed, A. A., & Abohany, A. A. (2025). A systematic review of AI-enhanced techniques in credit card fraud detection. Journal of Big Data, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-024-01048-8

Han et al. (2023). Accounting and auditing with blockchain technology and artificial Intelligence: A literature review. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 48(March 2021), 100598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2022.100598

Hargyatni, T., Purnama, K. D., & Aninditiyah, G. (2024). Impact Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Utilization in Enhancing Business Decision-Making in the Financial Sector. Journal of Management and Informatics, 3(2), 282–296. https://doi.org/10.51903/JMI.V3I2.36

Han, H., Shiwakoti, R. K., Jarvis, R., Mordi, C., & Botchie, D. (2023). Accounting and auditing with blockchain technology and artificial Intelligence: A literature review. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 48(April 2022), 100598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2022.100598

Hossain, M.Z., Johora, F.T., R., Profound, T., research paper uses qualitative analysis to examine the, & M.R., & Hasan, L. (2024). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain on the Accounting Profession. IEEE Access, 8, 110461–110477. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3000505

Hu, K. H., Chen, F. H., Hsu, M. F., & Tzeng, G. H. (2023). Governance of artificial intelligence applications in a business audit via a fusion fuzzy multiple rule-based decision-making model. Financial Innovation, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-022-00436-4

Kim, H. (2022). Deep Learning. Artificial Intelligence for 6G, 22(4), 247–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95041-5_6

Leocádio, D., Malheiro, L., & Reis, J. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Auditing: A Conceptual Framework for Auditing Practices. Administrative Sciences, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14100238

Marcelletti, A., Marangone, E., & Di Ciccio, C. (2024). Balancing Confidentiality and Transparency for Blockchain-based Process-Aware Information Systems. http://arxiv.org/abs/2412.05737

Maxwell Nana Ameyaw, Courage Idemudia, & Toluwalase Vanessa Iyelolu. (2024). The role of blockchain in auditing processes: A review and future perspectives. International Journal of Scientific Research Updates, 8(1), 037–053. https://doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2024.8.1.0045

Mohaimin et al. (2023). Machine Learning in Business Analytics: Advancing Statistical Methods for Data-Driven Innovation. 2023, 104–111. https://doi.org/10.32996/jcsts

Okolie, P. I. P., & Ejike, S. I. (2023). Using data analytics techniques for the detection of accounting fraud in financial statements. 212–214. www.allmultidisciplinaryjournal.com

Olubusola Odeyemi, Kehinde Feranmi Awonuga, Noluthando Zamanjomane Mhlongo, Ndubuisi Leonard Ndubuisi, Funmilola Olatundun Olatoye, & Andrew Ifesinachi Daraojimba. (2023). The role of AI in transforming auditing practices: A global perspective review. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(2), 359–370. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.2.0460

Pranto, T. H., Hasib, K. T. A. M., Rahman, T., Haque, A. B., Islam, A. K. M. N., & Rahman, R. M. (2022). Blockchain and Machine Learning for Fraud Detection: A Privacy-Preserving and Adaptive Incentive-Based Approach. IEEE Access, 10(August), 87115–87134. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3198956

Qatawneh, A. M. (2024). The role of artificial intelligence in auditing and fraud detection in accounting information systems: moderating role of natural language processing. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, July 2024. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-03-2024-4389

Ramazan Cakali, K., Kurulu Başkanı, T., & Kalkınma ve Yatırım Bankası AŞ, T. (2023). Agency Problem in Corporate Governance: WorldCom Case. İşletme | The Business Journal, 2022(1), 15. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367166710_Agency_Problem_in_Corporate_Governance_Worldcom_Case_Kurumsal_Yonetimde_Vekalet_Sorunu_Worldcom_Vak’asi

Rasha Kassem. (2023). Investigating the Black-box of External Audit Practice: The Paradox of Auditors’ Failure in Detecting and Reporting Fraud. 26(4), 598–621.

Rashid, M., Luo, M., Ashraf, U., Hussain, W., Ali, N., Rahman, N., Hussain, S., Aleksandrovich Martyushev, D., Vo Thanh, H., & Anees, A. (2023). Reservoir Quality Prediction of Gas-Bearing Carbonate Sediments in the Qadirpur Field: Insights from Advanced Machine Learning Approaches of SOM and Cluster Analysis. Minerals, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/min13010029

Sapiens, H. (2020). AI in Auditing - An essential upgrade.

Sarker, I. H. (2021). Machine Learning: Algorithms, Real-World Applications and Research Directions. SN Computer Science, 2(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00592-x

Sets, F. (2024). Utilization of Blockchain Technology to Improve Security and Transparency of Information Systems Pemanfaatan Teknologi Blockchain untuk Meningkatkan Keamanan dan Transparansi Siste ... Information Technology Studies Journal ( ITECH ) Pemanfaatan Teknologi. May. https://doi.org/10.62207/qtds0397

Vyas, K., Vyas, K., & Arora, A. (2024). INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING A Comparative Analysis of Natural Language Processing Techniques for Sentiment Analysis. 12, 903–908.

Wang, Y., Wu, H., & Nettleton, D. (2023). Stability of Random Forests and Coverage of Random-Forest Prediction Intervals. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36(1), 1–28.

Wen, Z. (2023). Feature analysis and model comparison of logistic regression and decision tree for customer churn prediction. Applied and Computational Engineering, 20(1), 55–61. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/20/20231073

Published

2025-04-26